Bailiffs are to be banned from entering homes at night and from using physical force against debtors under new laws coming into effect this weekend.

Further changes will also prevent enforcement agents from entering properties where only children are at home and from taking vital household essentials such as cookers, microwaves, fridges or washing machines.

Bailiffs, who collect roughly four million debts each year, will also have to be trained and certified to practise under a shake-up of laws designed to bring an end to aggressive behaviour.

Chris Grayling, the justice secretary, said: “People will still have to face up to their debts but they will no longer need to fear their home being raided at night, the threat of violence or having their vital household equipment seized.

“We are stamping out bad practice and making sure bailiffs play by the rules. Those who don’t will be banned.”

Among the changes landlords will no longer be able to use bailiffs to seize property for residential rent debts without going to court first, while the debt collectors will have to give courts information on the likely means of entry and amount of force required before a warrant is granted.

Bailiffs will also have to give seven days’ notice before taking possessions unless they have specific permission from a court.

The reforms come into effect on 6 April and are part of a wider package under changes to the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007.

Jo Salter, researcher at the think-tank Demos, said its research had shown “aggressive” behaviour by bailiffs played a big part in the emotional harm caused to families by debt.